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For families of children requiring special education, navigating the special education process can feel overwhelming. One of the most important tools available to ensure your child receives the support they need is the Individualized Education Program (IEP). This legally binding document outlines the specialized services, supports, and goals designed to help your child succeed in school.

What Is an IEP?

An IEP is a customized education plan developed for students who qualify for special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). The IEP details your child’s unique strengths, challenges, and the accommodations necessary to support their academic and social-emotional growth. Every public school in Pennsylvania is required to provide an IEP to eligible students.

You can view an example IEP used in Pennsylvania here. This document includes key sections such as:

Present Levels of Academic Achievement and Functional Performance (PLAAFP)

Measurable Annual Goals

Special Education and Related Services

Accommodations and Modifications

Transition Planning (for students aged 14 and older)

How to Get an IEP in Pennsylvania

If you suspect your child may need an IEP, follow these steps:

Request an Evaluation: Submit a written request to your child’s school, asking for a comprehensive evaluation. Schools have 60 calendar days to complete the assessment after receiving parental consent. This does not include summer break or holidays.

Eligibility Determination: A team of professionals, including educators and specialists, will assess whether your child qualifies for special education services.

IEP Development Meeting: If your child is eligible, the school will schedule an IEP meeting to draft the plan.

IEP Implementation: Once the plan is finalized and agreed upon, the school must follow it as written. The IEP is reviewed annually and revised as needed.

For more details on IEPs and service agreements in Pennsylvania, visit PA’s Education Programs and Services page.

Tips for Families Attending an IEP Meeting

Prepare in Advance: Review any assessment results and write down your concerns or questions.

Bring Support: You can invite an advocate, therapist, or another support person to the meeting.

Stay Focused on Your Child’s Needs: Advocate for appropriate services and supports that will help your child thrive.

Request Clarifications: If any terms or recommendations are unclear, ask for explanations.

Developing IEP Goals

IEP goals are designed to be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). These goals should be tailored to your child’s strengths and challenges.

Examples of IEP Goals:

Academic: "By the end of the year, [Student] will read a grade-level passage with 80% accuracy in three out of four trials."

Social Skills: "[Student] will engage in at least one reciprocal conversation with a peer during structured activities, four out of five opportunities."

Communication: "Using a speech-generating device, [Student] will request preferred items in 80% of opportunities."

Adaptive Skills: "[Student] will independently follow a three-step routine in the classroom with minimal prompting."

For students who require assistive technology as part of their IEP, Pennsylvania offers guidance on how to incorporate these tools effectively. Learn more here.

The IEP process in Pennsylvania is designed to ensure that every child has access to the resources they need to succeed. By staying informed and actively participating in the IEP process, families can help create meaningful educational experiences tailored to their child's unique needs. If you need further assistance, consider reaching out to a local Parent Training and Information (PTI) Center or an advocacy organization for guidance.

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